比较级的用法 表示本身程度的改变

　　比较的用法:

　　①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示.例如:This pen is better than that one.He is cleverer than his sister.但注意这种表达法:She is the older of the two sisters.

　　②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示.例如:This park is less beautiful than that one.

　　③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语(如even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等)修饰.例如:He works even harder than before.Things are far worse than expected.注意:英语比较级前若无even,still,yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”,或不译出,一般不用“更”.例如:She feels better than yesterday.她比昨天好些了.Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来.注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在中间加“the”.例如:He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

　　④表示一方随另一方的程序而变化,即表达“越……(就)越……”意义时,用the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构.例如:The harder he worked,the more progress he made.The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.

　　⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变,即表达“越来越……”意义时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构.例如:The weather is getting colder and colder.The city is becoming more and more beautiful.

　　⑥“no+比较级”与“not+比较级”结构含义不同.“no+比较级”表示两个人(事物)都含有与该形容词相反的属性;“not+比较级”表示两个事物都具有该形容词的属性,只是在程度上前者不如后者.试比较:Tom is no taller than Jack.(=Tom is as short as Jack.) Tom is not taller than Jack.(=Tom is not so tall as Jack.)

　　⑦某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than.(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等.) 例如:He is superior to Mr.Wang in mathematics.

　　⑧在比较从句中,为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词.that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than the one made of wood.

　　⑨倍数表示法.假定两事物A和B对比,比较中有A是B的几倍和A比B大(小)几倍两种情况:

　　(1)A是B的几倍可表示为:A is.times as+形容词(副词)原级+as

　　 is.times the size(length/height/amount etc.) of B.例如:这座桥是旧桥的3倍长.

　　①This bridge is three times as long as the old one.

　　②This bridge is three times the length of the old one.

　　(2)A比B大(小)几倍或多(少)几倍可表示为:

　　A is...times+比较级+than

　　 is.times + more(less)than B.例如:这座桥比旧桥长3倍.This birdge is three times longer than that of the old one.=This bridge is four times as long as the old one.再如:我厂今年的产量比去年多2倍.The output of our plant this year is twice larger than last year.=The output of our plant this year is three times the amount of last year.用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用twice或double.

　　最高级的用法:

　　①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示.这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语.例如:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.This is the most brave nation in the world.

　　②最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰.例如:This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost.

　　③表示“最高程度”的形容词(如excellent,extreme,perfect,favourite等)没有最高级,也不能用比较级.

　　④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略.例如:He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

　　⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词.例如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

　　⑥下列比较级结构可用来表同一范畴内的最高级的含义:

　　1.形/副比较级+ than+any other+单数可数名词

　　{ (any of) the other+复数名词

　　any others/the others

　　any of the+复数名词

　　2.形/副比较级+than+anyone else/anything else

　　3.形/副比较级+than+ever(before)

　　4.no+形/副比较级+分句than分句,例如:

　　India produces more films than any other country in the world .

　　They make fun of me because I’m shorter than anyone else.

　　They make fun of me because I’m shorter than anyone else.

　　As a result,the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before.

　　Mary is no richer than

　　?